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Zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kumenyedwa molakwika zitha kugawidwa. kufalitsa {{1} ③ chifukwa chogawa kutentha mu billet, kupsinjika kwamkati (kupsinjika kwa minofu) ndi kovuta kwambiri ndipo ma billet akusweka {) {}}
1.}
Deka Karbonation amatanthauza kuti kaboni pamwamba pa chitsulo imasinthidwa kwambiri, kotero kuti zomwe zili pansi pamtunda zimachepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi phenomenon {{0}
Kuzama kwa kusanjikiza kwa chakudya kumakhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a chitsulo, kapangidwe ka mpweya, kutentha kwa mpweya wosuta ndi kosavuta kufooka
Dekarborin imachepetsa mphamvu ndi kutopa kwa magawo, ndikufooketsa kuvala kukana {{0}
{2. kayendedwe ka kaboni
Kuipitsidwa ndi ng'anjo yamafuta nthawi zambiri kumakwera pamtunda kapena gawo la pamwamba .)
Izi ndizomwe zimatentha kwa ng'anjo ya mafuta, pomwe ma billet ali pafupi ndi mfuti ya mafuta kapena m'deralo pomwe ma helzle amapangika, kotero mafuta sakonzedwa bwino,
Kuchulukitsa kwa kaboni kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yowoneka bwino ikhale yopanda kanthu, ndipo ndikosavuta kudula mukadula {{0}
{3.
Kuchulukitsa kumatanthauza kutentha kwa billet yokwera kwambiri, kapena munthawi yopuma ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala, kapena kutentha kwa kutentha komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa mafuta {{0}
Carbon steel (sub-kapena pa chinsinsi cha co-secressis) nthawi zambiri limawoneka ngati patenthedwe shale torther, ndipo zitsulo zowoneka bwino zimawonekera Kuonjezera kwa zitsulo zamiyala kumawoneka ngati minyewa yamiyala kapena kuwonongeka kwa minofu yokwezeka {{5}
Pambuyo pa kutentha kwachipatala (kusokonekera, kuzimitsa) komanso kuchuluka kwa ma emeloy osankhidwa chitsulo pambuyo pake)
{{{}} Kuwotcha kwambiri
Kuchulukitsa kumatanthauza kuti kutentha kutentha kwa zitsulo ndi kukwera kwambiri kapena kumakhala kotentha kwambiri, ndi mafuta a ayisikidwe, komanso kuwononga kulumikizana pakati pa mbewu, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri Kupuma kwa zinthuzo {{1}
Palibe malire osautsa kwambiri pakati pa kupyola mopitirira {{{}} Kusungunuka {
5. ming'alu yamoto
Mukamatenthetsa it ing ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi zitsulo zapamwamba komanso kutentha kwambiri Billet, kuwotcha wowotchera kumapangidwa kuchokera ku malo ozungulira kupita kudera lozungulira, ndikupangitsa gawo lonse kukhala lozungulira {{2}
6. crisp yapamlengalenga
Chovala chamiyala yamkuwa pamwamba pa zotayirira {{0} pamalowo
When the billet is heated, such as the residual copper oxide in the furnace, the oxide steel is reduced to free copper at high temperature, and the molten steel atoms expand along the austenite grain boundary, which weakens the connection between the grains. In addition, when the copper content in the steel is higher [>2% (gawo lalikulu), monga kutentha mu malo ogulitsa, olemera olemera amapangidwa pansi pa khungu la chitsulo
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